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PORTABLE OVEN.

Patented June 9, 1896.

(No Model.)

Mg' WMM d] ANDREW [GRAHAM-.mma VSIIINGOPLOC.

UNITED STATES PATENT Eri'cE..

FREDERICK M. YANNER AND HENRY PFEIFFER, OF KANSAS CITY, MIS- SOURI; SAID YANNER ASSIGNOR TO SAID FFEIFFER.

PORTABLE OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 561,750, dated June 9, 1896.

Application filed September 16, 1895. Serial No. 562,734. (No model.) v

To all whom t 17mg/ concern.:

Be it known that We, FREDERICK M. YAN- NER and HENRY C. PFEIFFER, citizens of the United States, residing at Kansas City, in the county of Jackson and State of Missouri, have invented certain nenT and useful Improvements in Portable Ovens; and We do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

The object of our invention is, iirst, to construct a portable oven in such a manner as to increase or decrease the number of heat ing-compartments; second, to maintain different degrees of temperature in the separate compartments; third, to increase the heating surfaces supporting the iioor of each compartment; fourth, to facilitate the escape of heat, smoke, and odors from each compartment; fifth, to prevent the escape of the heat at the meeting edges of the sides to the separate compartments; sixth, to afford means for closing the entrance to the heat-connecting ilues.

Our invention consists in the novel construction and combination of parts, such as will iirst be fully described, and specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is avieW in perspective of our improved portable oven and the urnaceWalls upon Which it is mounted, with a portion of the coveringplates to the Wall-ilues and the clamping-plates broken away, also showing the damperoperating rods for regulating the supply of heat to one or more compartments and its escape. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the improved oven and furnace as seen in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional View of the improved oven, taken upon the line X X of Fig. 2. Fig. e is a detail view in perspective of one of separate compartments of the improved oven. Fig. 5 is a detail view in section of a portion of the outer side plate of separate compartments at the meeting edges, showing the clamping-plates and also the flueclosing plates and turnbuckle 'for holding the latter in place.

Similar letters of reference indicate corrcsponding parts in all the figures.

Referring to the drawings, A represents our improved oven, which consists of separate portable compartments or lesser ovens B C D, each compartment being constructed alike in proportion and nearly so in internal A arrangement of its several parts, said compartments being arranged in position one above the other in vertical series, as hereinafter more fully specified.

For the purpose of illustration one of the separate compartments D, as shown in Fig.

Lhand which also is the lower compartment in the series, is rectangular in form and is composed of an exterior box-frame, having front and rear sides (l d and ends d2 cl3, and an interior box-frame, the sides and ends of which are of a corresponding height and iirmly Welded or bolted at the respective corners of each frame. The interior frame is smaller in length and width than the exterior iframe, and between said frames, extending entirely around the interior frame, is a space d for a non-conductor, as hereinafter specined.

In the front side d of the outer frame, at a point equidistant from the ends of said frame, is a rectangular-shaped opening to the compartment of the oven, which is closed by a hinge drop-door d0. Said opening d5 also extends through the adjacent side of the interiorframe d4, and wit-hin said opening is fitted hermetically a rectangular-shaped frame d8, which extends entirely around the sides of said opening and from the outer side of the front plate to the inner side of the interior frame d4. The position of the lower side or sill of said frame is raised the thickness of the tile or iioor of the compartment above thc lower line of the front plate d.

In the space d between the interior and exterior frames is placed mineral Wool or other non-conducting substance.

Within ythe interior frame d4 and near one end of said frame is a transverse line-carrying partition tlg, which is the same height as the ends of the interior frame, and is connected rigidlyT at each end to the respective opposite sides of said frame, thus forming a vertical hot-air iiue d10, extending entirely across the end of the frame. At the other Ladjacent en'd of the vinterior frame (Z4,

end of the frame d* is a flue-carrying partition cliwhich extends across said end in the same manner and at a like distance from said end as described of the partition CZ", between which and the end of the frame Z4 is a vertical iue or passage fZX.

In the upper portion of the partition Z9 are a series of square-shaped openings dlg, which are arranged a short distance apart in line with the upper edge of said partition. In the partition d12 are transverse openings, which are directly opposite the openings Z13 in the partition di. In one of the openings (Z13, near one side of the interior frame cZl, is fitted snugly one end of asquare-shaped longitudinal hollow tube or flue d, the other end of which tube extends to and is fitted in one of the square-shaped openings in the plate CZ12 at the other end of the said frame and near the same side of said frame. In the other openings in each plate Z9 Zl2 are tted tubes ofthe same length and construction as the tube (ZM.

In the end (Z2 of the exterior frame, opposite `in position to the end of the yflue CZM, is made a square-shaped opening corresponding in size to the 'opening (Z13 in the fine-plate (Z9, which Vopening also extends through the In said opening in the end (Z2 of the exterior frame is iitted snugly a square-shaped tube (ZX, which extends to a point in line with the inner side of the end'of the said interior fra-me adjacent to the end (Z2 of the outer frame.

Other openings are made in both ends of the respective interior and exterior frames, correspon ding in size and opposite in position to the ends Aof the respective longitudinal "t1 ues (ZM.

In the spacedo, between the side d' of the exterior frame and the adjacent side 4ot the interior frame and at a point equidistant from both ends of vsaid frame, is a short vertical hot-air-escape pipe 15, extending from the upper to the loweredge portion of said side d. Upon vthe side of the pipe Zw toward the side of the interior frame (Z4 is an elbow d1, which extends through said side of said frame a short distance'within the compartment. In theelbow'cZ1G is va damper CZ, which Vis operated by a lrod dm, one end of which rod eX- tends through said elbow and the other end isextended inthe di-rectionof the end d2 of the lframe or compartment vD and through said end and is provided with an operatingcrank d20. p

In the pre'paration'of the main support for the improved compartments of the oven a walled furnace E of the-usual construction is built,of the same proportions of the frame D, the l'upper'or'top portion of which consists of aiiatsurface'of ireproof tile orbrick e, which Aextends from the'furnace-frontnearly to the 'rear furnace-wall as seen lin FiOJQ and at said rear Wallis a smoke-passage c,eXtend-' ing upwardly through the `top of said furnace. Upon the upper surface of the tile or brick c is a thin layer of sand e2. The frame or compartmentD of the oven is then mounted upon the top of the furnace with the door (Z6 opening upon one of the longitudinal sides of the furnace-wall. An articial floor e3, of brick or tile or other material, is then laid within the interior frame d4 upon the sand c2, the upper surface of which iioor is about level with the sill of the opening cZ5. As soon as the lower frame or compartment D is laid another compartment C, which is constructed precisely the same as the frame D and with the same proportions, is placed directly upon the upper edges of said frame D, each iiue and pipe registering with the other in position in opposite compartments. Upon the upper surface of the series of horizontal iiues cZl'l is laid an artiiicial floor CZ, composed of ii-re-brick or tile or other material.

The upper or` top compartment B of the oven is similar in construction and proportions as described of the compartment C, and is mounted upon the upper edge of the said frame or compartment, the door Z) being arranged above door cZG. Y

Upon the uppersurface of the series of horizontal 'lfues in the compartment B is an artiicial iioor c', which is also on the line with the side of door b, which door is arranged in position above the door c. The sides and ends of the top compartment B are extended a short distance above the llevel of the ihres in said compartment, and instead of employing tiles or bricks lupon theiiues a thin covering of metal is placed over the lues, as seen in section in Fig. 2 at bx, and upon said covering is placed mineral wool or other nonconducting substance in sufficient quantity to retain heat. In the covering bx, which extends over each iiue at back ends of the compartment and abovesaid lues, are inserted short circular pipes b3 b4, which carry away smoke, &c.

For the purpose of regulating the supply of heat through the horizontal ilues in cach com- -partment of the oven a damper c3 is Aplaced in the flue ZX a slight distance above the line of the tlues CZ, which extend entirely across the end oi'` the compartment or frame D. This damperis attached to a damper-operating rod c4, which extends through the front side of the compartment D, and is provided with a crank c5. Directly above the damper ci* and at a corresponding point in the flue (ZX, above the horizontal iiues in the compartment C, is arranged a damper h3, which is attached to a rod b4, which rod extends through the front side of the frame orcompartment C and is provided with a crank b5.

In pipe t8, leading outward from the iiue C from the oven,'is a damper Zi, which extends to and nearly closes the entrance to the lilues in the upper part of the compartment B, and is operated bymeans of a rod bi, which rod extends kforward toward the front side of the compartment B, and is provided with a crank 718. vIn the pipe b9 is a damper which is ar- IIO ranged in position and provided with a damper which nearly closes the ends of the iiues in chamber B, and to which the operatingrod in the same manner as the rod bT. In the iiue do and at a point in said lues a slight dist-ance above the horizontal iiues in the compartment C is a damper c5, which is attached to and operated by a dam per-rod c, the other eud of which rod. extends through the front side of the compartment in the same manner as the rods lrL c4, and is provided with a crank c7.

For the purpose of closing the joints between the edges of the front plates in adjacent compartments oli' the oven an overlapping flange is cast or formed on the front side of the frame composing the upper and lower compartments. The front plates are preferably cast, while the ends of the frames are made preferably from sheet-steel. The joints.

in the ends of the outer frames are formed by separate dat strips of metal G G, which are connected together by screw-threaded bolts g@ and nuts g2. One of said plates is placed over the joints between the edges of adjacent ends and a plate on the inside of said exterior end plate and the screw-bolt inserted through both plates and the nut iitted to the end ot' the screw-bolt. Ordinarily the plates G G are bolted together' with a washer g' between the plates, which retains them the proper distance apart. When the separate compartments are placed in position ,the jointclosing plates are slipped over the end plate of a lower compartment, and when the upper compartment is placed in position the end plate fits snugly between the plates G G. The small fines d* at one end ofthe frame or compartment D are closed by means of a dat plate (Z22, the upper edge of which plate eX- tcnds under the lower edge of the joint-closing plate G, which is bent outward a short distance for tha-t purpose. The lower edge of said plate rests upon and is secured by a turn-button (lf3. At the other end of the compartmcntI), and also at both ends of the other compartments l-S C, are similar joint-closing and flue-closin g plates as described of the one end of said frame.

In utilizing our improved oven it will be observed that the compartments are made separate, which enables the employment of one or more compartments, as the necessity may require. The fire is made in furnace E ben cath the compartment D, and the heat and smoke pass together up the due dx, at the same time heating the iloor e at the top of the furnace, and also the iioor es of the compartment D, so as to raise the heat in the said compartment at a comparatively high degree. Should it be desired to raise the compartment C of the oven, the damper c3 is closed, so as to change the direction of the heat and compel the same to pass through the lues all" into the flue space d". The heat in said iiues, by reason of the iiat surface of said tlues be ing brought in contact with the tiles dm, im-

parts a greater degree of heat to the said tiles and raises the temperature the proper height, the surplus heat escaping through lthe flue d and out through the pipe bs. Should the compartment C be required for use, the damper c5 is closed in position and the heat directed y toward and the currents forced through the lues in said compartment into the 'flue dx and escapes through the pipe b9. Should the upper compartment B require to be used, the damper in the pipe b is closed and the heat directed through the horizontal iiues in said compartment, the heat escaping throu gh the pipe bs. In this manner the separate compartments of the oven are subject to different degrees of heat, and such articles as require a low degree of heat maybe baking at the same time that other articles which require a high degree are being baked. The dampers c3 b3 may also be closed and the heat caused to pass through the ues d14 and thence through the lues in the compartment B, the damper on pipe b3 being closed, permitting the uses of the upper and lower compartments only, while the intermediate compartment may be at a moderate degree of temperature. The heat in each compartment is rapidly reduced in degree by the opening of the damper d in the compartment and thus permitting its escape. Each compartment having a packing of mineral wool or other non-conducting substance between the interior and exterior frames, the heat is retained within the dues and directed as required, so' that by opening one of the doors to one of the compartments and the damper in the pipe in the rear wall the compartment may be rapidly cooled and prepared for baking purposes.

Then the iiue d requires cleaning, the covering-plate is removed and access to the iiues is readily obtained.

To prevent the excess of heat in the upper compartment B of the oven, the valve 117 is so arranged as to extend in the direction of and nearly close the openings to the iiues in compartment B, the heat being greater than in the lower compartments.

Having fully described our invention, what we now claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isM

l. An improved portable oven consisting of separate compartments arranged in vertical serios, each compartment having 'llues registering with the dues in an adjoining compartment and being detachably connected with an adjacent compartment in said series, substantially as shown and described.

In a portable oven consisting of separate compartments and registering heat-circulating iiues in each compartment, the combination of au escape-pipe in each one of said compartments and between the walls of the said compartments, and an elbow extending into said compartment having a pipe-closing damper, substantially as shown and described.

3. In a portable oven consisting of separate IOO IIO

compartments arranged in vertical series7 and e'acli compartment composed of separate interior and exterior frames, the combination with the horizontal meeting edges of the separate plates in said exterior frame of detachable closing-plates on each side of the joint between the meeting edges of said plates, substantially as shown and described.

4. In a portable oven consisting of separate horizontal compartments arranged in Vertical series and each compartment having unionplates closing the joints at the meeting edges and fines atV both ends of said compartment registering with the fines in an adjoining compartment and having fine-closing dampers, a series of horizontal lues in each compartment communicating at the end with the respective lines smoke-nues in the top of said oven directly above the respective vertical lues in each compartment of the oven and Valves in said fines extending in the direction and nearly over the entrance to the l1ori zontal lues in the upper compartment of the oven substantially as described.

FREDERICK M. YANNER. HENRY C, PFEIFFER.

Vitn'esses:

J No. W. CHANDLER, CHARLES ScHoBER. 

